As iOS developers, we have some hard choices to make when we consider which devices to focus on as we develop our apps. Though many of you will shrug this off and point to universal builds as the key to the big time, that’s a far too obvious approach, and you’re probably shaving off huge chunks of the user experience by creating a one-size-fits-all app. One size may fit all, but it’s rarely a good fit.

One of the most striking differences between iPad and iPhone is the screen estate, and the implications for interface-conscious developers – which we all should strive to be – are tremendous. While the screen area for iPhone/iPod touch measures 10.4 inches (4.54” x 2.3”), the iPad screen enjoys a full 71 inches of area (9.56” x 7.47”) – almost 8 times bigger! Think of it like building a home: with just a small plot of land you’ll focus on the essentials: bedrooms, kitchen, living room, bath… certainly no spare room. But given a bigger plot you‘ll want to add a garden, a couple of parking spaces, and for sure build in that spare room. The same principle applies to iPad vs iPhone in terms of the user experience on offer with these very different screen sizes.

On iPhone, the smaller screen area dictates a pretty minimal interface for your app, whereas on iPad there are amazing opportunities with the more generous area. That being said, for certain apps the same interface on either display may be comfortable for users, especially apps built primarily for media or information consumption. For example, an app like Night Stand shares almost the same user interface on iPhone and iPad, and has been a spectacular hit on both. Why? Well, for starters it’s gorgeous. And ingenious programming doesn’t hurt, either.  But also, once a user configures Night Stand it’s essentially an information consumption application (though the latest version brings in some more user-intensive features). Also, there’s one big exception with Night Stand for iPad, and that’s a new, iPad-only theme – one significantly awesome theme that really, REALLY shines on the big screen. But awesome themes notwithstanding, Night Stand still very much follows an app-to-user orientation; the user is still passive.

Nixie - beaming new gfx with subtle animations - only for iPad

The LCD color selection interface on iPad: a popover for live previews, on iPhone: small screen -> no popovers -> trip to the settings panel

On the other hand, consider some dual platform user-ACTIVE applications with upscaled interfaces for iPad. In the images here, iPhone is overlaid on top of iPad.  (Click to enlarge.)

Sketchbook Pro

Bento

Flight Control, with richer maps and gameplay

Dropbox, with file browser and media previews

So while Apple will most likely put iPhone and iPad on the same track of iOS in the very near future, developers ought not assume that these devices are the same in terms of UX, or that users have the same expectations toward iPad and iPhone apps. Nope, expectations are growing increasingly different as each day passes, and the gap is only widening.

Just a few days ago we were watching Toy Story on the iPad, and it was a cinematic experience in miniature with the lights dimmed and munching on some snacks. Two people huddled around an iPhone watching a film for 90 minutes!? Not unthinkable, but certainly none too appealing. No doubt, iPhone is much better suited to snagging a glimpse at Facebook, tapping out the odd Tweet, light email, checking your schedule, that kind of stuff. I tend to use my iPhone in bursts, to get or give info as quickly as possible without going into details, whereas iPad can offer an immersive media consumption experience, like watching a full length film in style. When I browse the App Store for iPad games and applications, I look for things I can be time-intensive with. (And I’m not alone.) When I shop for an iPhone app it’s usually for a cool little game, or the latest social networking app to stay connected with my people. And yeah, isn’t that what a phone is made for in the first place: to keep in touch with friends and family? Now if I can do that, plus spend 30 – 40 mins playing puzzles or doodling or something, well, all the better!

Note the Productivity category, with iPad sales far outweighing iPhone. Business, finance, education, and anything reading-related are also natural fits for iPad.

So developers, before you start building your next app take some time to decide whether it best suits iPhone or iPad – or both. And if both, then how to differentiate. iPhone/iPod touch has a user base of almost 100 million compared to just over 3 million for iPad, but there are over 200 thousand apps for iPhone and just a few thousand for iPad. Getting noticed in the sea of iPhone apps is not so easy, but if you optimize your universal app for iPad (or develop exclusively for iPad) along the lines of what we’ve been discussing it’s far easier to make a splash.

While all this was going on, of course there was some big news on June 7, when Steve Jobs introduced yet another Apple engineering marvel: iPhone 4.  Bundled with new features like front-facing camera, superior rear camera, dual mikes for increased noise cancellation, eye-popping Retina Display, multitasking, 720p HD video recording and even a new kind of gyroscope technology, iPhone 4 is a huge evolutionary step in smartphone design.  As the tag line says: “This changes everything.  Again.”  And, marketing hyperbole aside, as far as day-to-day use is concerned for sure this will change the way we use iPhone.

Before this year’s launch, several leaked – or mislaid – iPhone 4 models made the rounds of the major tech blogs, complete with gory dissections and the standard tsunami of specu-babble.  But there was one stealth feature all the teardowns and pundits failed to even guess at: the gyroscope.  And on our side, as veteran iPhone developers, when Steve Jobs announced this during WWDC we were all pretty excited.  And while it still hasn’t gotten much attention in the press, this feature is a game changer in iPhone’s rivalry with Android and Symbian devices.

Apple’s been pioneering smartphone innovations since iPhone’s introduction in 2007 with many widely imitated micro-technologies, in particular the accelerometer.  The accelerometer is a type of sensor that detects changes in a device’s orientation, vibration, rotation or fall by detecting linear acceleration along one of the three X, Y and Z axes – that is: up/down, right/left, and front/back.

3-axis accelerometers enable features we by now take for granted in smartphones (and lately, too, in non-Apple branded consumer digital cameras, music players, and gaming peripherals).  For example, landscape/portrait orientation shifting, tilt for directional control in games and applications, and shake features for refreshing a webpage or shuffling a playlist.  The 1st generation of accelerometer – pre iPhone 4 – could measure only linear motion; it couldn’t sense direction on a compass or twisting motions or rotation, nor had any notion of gravity.

Then last year Apple added a magnetometer to the iPhone 3Gs, enabling it to sense magnetized direction relative to the Earth’s poles. And now, with the introduction of the gyro in iPhone 4, Apple once more ups the ante in spatial detection / orientation with a new sensor for detecting 3-axis angular acceleration around the X,Y and Z axes, enabling far more precise virtualization of pitch, yaw and roll on iPhone.

While detection of change in velocity has been possible for some time thanks to conventional accelerometer calculations in terms of linear acceleration, the gyroscope has been designed to detect angular acceleration, which will detect change in both velocity and direction at the same time.  iPhone 4’s gyroscope enables the sensing of even slight degrees of rotation while simultaneously rejecting linear movements and hand jitters – both still ably handled by accelerometer’s linear movement detection technology.

Combining the 3 axes of the gyroscope along with the 3 axes of the accelerometer now enables iPhone to recognize distance, speed and direction as it moves real-time through space. And thanks to the CoreMotion APIs in iOS, developers with the vision to make use of gyroscope data can access it freely, as some have already done.

Of course iPhone 4 already includes gyroscope support, but it’s a safe bet the gyro will be baked into future versions of iPod touch, and naturally, iPad.  iPhone devs who can make use of this amazing new technology will find opportunities aplenty on the new platforms, especially games producers and developers.

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update:  Death Star or iPhone gyroscope?   iFixit has the goods.

That Screen

Text Formatting Popover

Good iPhone app development aims for a stripped down UI due to the quick-to-clutter, pocket-
sized screen canvas. Rather than creating screenfuls of switches and check boxes, iPhone developers have typically built layers of menus, creating a vertical hierarchy of sometimes branching, confusing commands. While this has been the norm on iPhone, this is anathema to good iPad development.

The big deal on iPad is the big screen. This, combined with iPad’s new UI features, allows developers to offer on-screen controls much like a traditional Mac or Windows application.

Navigation Bars, Popovers, and the Edit Menu

iPhone developers coming to iPad will soon realize they can utilize the top navigation bar as a fixed toolbar, much like traditional, non-mobile applications. Thanks to iPad’s generous screen space, the top navigation bar / toolbar offers enough button space for the main controls that

Color Picker Popover

users have come to rely on in traditional applications, especially in landscape mode. Whether word processing or editing images, users should be able to work on a single screen for an entire session, just like on a regular computer.

On iPhone, users often jump back and forth to reach essential off-screen options and functions, but on iPad contextual controls are introduced not by forcing the user away from content, but instead with nav bars, edit boxes and popovers that allow users to linger on the main screen as they edit.

New Challenges
Application development for iPhone has been an utterly novel experience, with thousands of worldwide developers slowly coming to terms with multi-touch UI principles for a pocketable device. Now with iPad, Apple is challenging us once more to create the first generation of powerful, full-spec’d applications for full-sized multi-touch. If we do this right, the notion of iPad as somehow being derivative will quickly vanish as the platform comes into its own.

[source Mashable]

[source Edward Benson Blog]

[source MobileOrchard]